Preface

When doing automation commissioning, many people have stumbled over servo motor wiring: either no response after connection, alarm immediately after power-on, or even burnt modules. The manual is too complicated to understand, and the response from after-sales is slow and hard to solve.

Actually, servo wiring isn't that complicated. Grasp the two cores of "power cable + control cable" and follow the wiring diagram step by step-even beginners can get it right without mistakes.

Today, we use 2 diagrams to disassemble the driver cable wiring logic of servo motors, explaining everything from pin definitions to practical operation precautions in detail.

Lishui Hengli Automation Technology Co., Ltd. has rich experience in servo system application. We summarize the most practical wiring methods to help you avoid common pitfalls efficiently.

1. First, Distinguish: Only Two Types of Servo Wiring, Don't Mix Them Up!

The wiring of the servo system essentially connects the "servo driver" with the "servo motor" and "external control equipment (such as PLC)". It mainly divides into two types of cables with completely different functions-one wrong connection may cause problems.

Among them, the control cable is also commonly referred to as the driver cable in industry applications. It is a key link for signal transmission between the servo driver and external control devices, and its correct connection directly affects the stability of the servo system.

2. Power Cable: Supply Energy to the Motor, Determine Whether It Rotates

The power cable is responsible for transmitting three-phase power to the servo motor, usually 3 main power lines (U, V, W) + 1 ground line (PE), corresponding to the "U, V, W, PE" terminals of the driver.

Key Notes:

U, V, W cannot be reversed! Reversal will cause the motor to "reverse". If the motor rotation direction is incorrect after power-on, simply swap any two main power lines.

The ground line must be securely connected! Failure to connect the ground line will make the motor housing live, which not only poses a safety hazard but also may interfere with signals, leading to unstable motor operation.

Lishui Hengli Automation Technology Co., Ltd. reminds: When selecting power cables, choose products that meet industrial standards to ensure sufficient current-carrying capacity and insulation performance.

3. Control Cable (Driver Cable): Issue Instructions to the Driver, Determine How to Rotate

The control cable (driver cable) is responsible for transmitting control signals (such as start, stop, speed regulation, positioning). There are two common types: "pulse control" and "analog control". Taking pulse control as an example (used in most positioning scenarios), the core wiring terminals are as follows:

Key Note: The control cable (driver cable) must be a "shielded cable", and the shield layer should be grounded at one end (connected to the driver housing) to avoid interference causing motor "step loss".

Lishui Hengli Automation Technology Co., Ltd. emphasizes: The quality of the driver cable is crucial. Inferior cables may lead to signal attenuation or interference, affecting the positioning accuracy of the servo system. It is recommended to use original supporting or certified high-quality driver cables.

4. 3-Step Wiring Method, Beginners Can Avoid Pitfalls

Power-off operation is a prerequisite: Before wiring, disconnect the power supply of the driver and external equipment, especially the power cable. Touching terminals in the power-on state may easily cause short circuits and burn modules.

Connect the control cable (driver cable) first, then the power cable: The terminals of the driver cable are thin and numerous; connecting them first can avoid the power cable blocking the terminals later.

After connection, use the continuity test function of a multimeter to check for loose or wrong connections.

Checks Before Power-On (3 Key Points)

① Are the power cables U, V, W connected correctly?

② Are the enable and emergency stop signals of the driver cable normal?

③ Do the driver parameters (such as control mode, pulse type) match the wiring (for example, set the parameter to "position mode" for pulse control)?

5. Real Case Sharing

A customer once had no response from the motor after wiring the servo. After checking for a long time, it was found that the "enable signal was not connected"-the driver defaults to requiring an enable signal to start. Even if the pulse and direction are correctly connected, the motor will not rotate without the enable signal.

Lishui Hengli Automation Technology Co., Ltd. has handled numerous similar wiring fault cases. The root cause is mostly that beginners fail to understand the function of the driver cable and key signals. As long as you follow the logic of "power cable supplies energy, driver cable transmits instructions" and check against the wiring diagram, you can avoid many detours.

6. Additional Expansion: Cable Functions & Control Modes

Control Modes & Signals

Control Modes: Pulse control, communication bus control

Control Signals: Encoder signal, analog signal

Lishui Hengli Automation Technology Co., Ltd. provides professional servo system solutions, including matching driver cables, wiring guidance, and after-sales technical support. If you encounter any problems in servo wiring or application, feel free to contact us.

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